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The possibilities for mire restoration from soil seed bank: The extinct mire near the fishpond Příbrazský rybník
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Eva
As a result of the increasing demands of human society, natural habitats are being used, disturbed and destroyed. Human activities also significantly affect peatland habitats, which leads to their loss, as a reasult of which these habitats are endangered in many European countries, including the Czech Republic. The loss of peatlands is evident both locally and globally, so in recent decades increasing efforts to restore these habitats. The soil seed bank, which was produced before their disturbance, can be used to restore the species composition of degraded habitats. However, in this way it is possible to restore only those plant species that produce a persistent seed bank in the soil. Furthermore, it is necessary to realize that the soil seed bank is very heterogeneous, both in the number of viable seeds and the number of species. In this diploma thesis, the soil seed bank from extinct peatland habitat, which is located by the Příbrazský pond in southern Bohemia, was examined in ex-situ conditions. The subject of the research was mainly the species composition of plants grown from the soil seed bank, which was taken at different places in the locality and at different depths of the soil horizon. From the examined soil seed bank of the extinct peatland habitat, 54 species of plants grew, thereof 13 of them are evaluated as endangered or near threatened in the Czech Republic, which means that the soil seed bank is able to increase the species richness of the locality. Examining the soil composition of the soil bank, which was taken at different depths of the soil horizon, it turned out that the numbers of individuals and species able to germinate from the soil seed bank gradually decrease since the extinction of the peatland habitat, so it is more advisable to use a not too old soil seed bank in the upper layer of the soil horizon. Furthermore, it was found that the species composition of the soil seed bank is dissimilar in different places of the site, which suggests that it is advisable to restore the extinct habitat at a place whose soil seed bank contains the target plant species.
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Possibilities of restoration of endangered wetland biotopes from soil seed bank on example of salt marches
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Eva
Over the past few decades, natural habitats have been massively disrupted and disappeared, resulting in a decline or disappearance of plant species limited to these habitats, thereby the species richness of the area is reducing. However, some plant species produce seeds that retain germination in the soil for a long period of time, so the seed bank may contain species that are no longer situated here or only in a very limited amount in the locality, and therefore the soil seed bank may theoretically be a source of these species and can be used in the restoration of species composition in the locality. In this bachelor´s thesis, a soil seed bank from the largest inland salt marsh in the Czech Republic, located at the southwestern edge of the Nesyt pond in South Moravia, was examined in ex-situ conditions. The subject of the research was mainly the number of individuals of each species germinated from the seed bank. At the same time, it was tested whether the different water level in the substrate affects the abundance of species and species composition of the plants grown from the seed bank. From the soil seed bank of the salt marsh habitat has grown 44 taxa, of which 18 of these taxa are classified as endangered or rare in the Czech Republic. Altogether 1233 individuals of plants were noticed, most of them have been classified as Plantago uliginosa and Juncus compressus, whose individuals constituted more than half of the total number of individuals, while the number of individuals of other taxa ranged from 1 to 10 individuals. Testing the effect of water level on species abundance and species composition showed that more plant species germinated under conditions where the water level was below substrate level than under conditions where the substrate was permanently wetted to flooded.
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Vegetation succession on fallows in Podyjí National Park - small-area management of abandoned sites
Entová, Martina ; Fabšičová, Martina (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
The main aim of the thesis was to describe the succession of several abandoned fields under ploughing and discuss ploughing as a possible management for establishing and maintaining species-rich communities of fallows. Actual vegetation, its development over time and soil seed bank were studied. Experimental small-area ploughing was established at five abandoned fields in the southeastern part of the Podyjí National Park. Three strips with different types of management were founded: A) strip ploughed each year, B) strip ploughed once at the beginning of the experiment, C) control meadow without intervention. Vegetation development was evaluated through a series of relèves recorded during the years 2009-2012. The species composition of the seed bank was described using the seedling-emergence method and subsequent elutriation of soil samples. Similarity indexes, Longevity index (LI) and concept of RCS strategies were used. The vegetation of each-year plowed sites (A) consisted mostly of annual weeds and ruderal species with R-strategy and high LI. Grassland vegetation (C) consisted mostly of grasses and perennial herbs with C-strategy and lower LI. The vegetation of older fallows (B) was at first most similar to one-year fallow (A), but during the 4 years of succession has moved closer to the meadow...
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Vegetace a půdní semenná banka na vybraných úhorech v NP Podyjí
Smetanová, Sabina
In many European regions, there has been a decline in biodiversity of agricultural landscapes as a result of agricultural intensification and abandonment of the traditio-nal ways of management common to the mid-20th century (grazing, hand held, small and irregular mowing). . One of the methods to mitigate the decline in biodiversity is the use of fallows as a potential management in the nature protection. During June and September 2018, the one-year vegetation grown on the longtime experimental fallow lands (deployed on 8 locations around the area of the National park Podyjí) was documented using phytosociological methods. The phytosociological specimens has been noted down in five repetitions for every variant of the experiment in every location. The „area A“ has been ploughed every year since december 2008 until present and „area B“ was kept as fallow land during period 2008-2013, then peri-odical plough started again. In March 2019, samples of the soil has been taken, which are going to be used for determination of germinability of seed bank in the jar experi-ment. The small-scale plowing of the homogeneous grass-herb vegetation on the area of abandoned formlands allows the rehabilitation of plant species with short lifepan which could not germinate in the overgrown vegetation. A possible exploitability and benefits of using follows for biodiversity increase in the area, as the risks connected with that method, will be possible to fully evuluated after long-term study of the plant succesion.
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Půdní semenná banka lužních lesů Jižní Moravy
Posslová, Jana
This dissertation thesis is dealing with the soil seed bank structure and composition in the flood forests on South Moravia, forest district Valtice. 97 soil samples was taken in 2011 and species composition was evaluated. Data were evaluated by appropriate statistical methods usány programs R, Turboweg and QGis. It was found that the species richness and the seed density is decreasing with the increasing age of the forest stand. Also the ratio of stress tollerant and ruderal species is changing. The soil seed bank is dominated mostly by Urtica dioica.
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Vegetation succession on fallows in Podyjí National Park - small-area management of abandoned sites
Entová, Martina ; Fabšičová, Martina (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
The main aim of the thesis was to describe the succession of several abandoned fields under ploughing and discuss ploughing as a possible management for establishing and maintaining species-rich communities of fallows. Actual vegetation, its development over time and soil seed bank were studied. Experimental small-area ploughing was established at five abandoned fields in the southeastern part of the Podyjí National Park. Three strips with different types of management were founded: A) strip ploughed each year, B) strip ploughed once at the beginning of the experiment, C) control meadow without intervention. Vegetation development was evaluated through a series of relèves recorded during the years 2009-2012. The species composition of the seed bank was described using the seedling-emergence method and subsequent elutriation of soil samples. Similarity indexes, Longevity index (LI) and concept of RCS strategies were used. The vegetation of each-year plowed sites (A) consisted mostly of annual weeds and ruderal species with R-strategy and high LI. Grassland vegetation (C) consisted mostly of grasses and perennial herbs with C-strategy and lower LI. The vegetation of older fallows (B) was at first most similar to one-year fallow (A), but during the 4 years of succession has moved closer to the meadow...
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Seed regeneration as driver of vegetation changes in grazed grasslands
Kladivová, Anna ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
Despite its long tradition in our country, livestock grazing almost disappeared from Czech landscape. This form of land use has winded down in the middle of 20th century, when compulsory co-operative farming was introduced. Decrease of pasturage is especially visible on fragmented areas of steep slopes and in dry places. These areas are often highly valuable and protected for its nature richness. When a grazing management is introduced, its effects on plant species communities are not clear. Also the exact mechanisms of vegetation changes caused by grazing are often unknown. In 2005, administration of PLA Český kras reinstated grazing management as a mean of preservation of dry grassland ecosystems. As part of this project I studied, how generative regeneration contributes to vegetation changes. The aim of the present study is to ascertain: a) how is seedling recruitment and survival affected by grazing, b) what are limitations of generative reproduction, and c) what is the contribution of soil seed bank to vegetation changes. In 2005, monitoring of seedling recruitment and survival had started, repetitive sowing experiment was performed and species composition of persistent seed bank was analyzed. Grazing had a positive effect on seedling - both numbers of seedling and their species composition....
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